Buychik, A. (2021). The genesis of ethnic relations between the peoples of the European Union on the example of the Italian society’s transformation in the Middle Ages. Ethnic problems of the era of globalization.European Scientific e-Journal, 3(9), 7-24. Hlučín-Bobrovníky: “Anisiia Tomanek” OSVČ.

DOI: 10.47451/eth2021-01-004 -------- Certificate

Abstract:

The issues of historical parallelism of events are relevant at all times because researchers are trying to find cyclically repeated processes in history that help to analyze the course of these processes at the present stage of society’s development, extrapolating the past to the present. The problems of the relationship of nations in the European Union, which are carefully veiled by the EU leadership, have historically ancient origins in the struggle for territories, resources, logistical benefits and political alliances. The genesis of these contradictions is clearly shown in the example of Italy as the heiress of the Roman Empire. The study aimed to identify the complex influence of ethnic migration processes that affected the Apennine Peninsula in the period from the 4th to the 12th centuries, which led to a deep social, economic and political transformation of Italian society and the creation of a basis for relations with neighbouring peoples. The origins of ethnic and cultural contradictions laid down in the period from the 4th to the 12th centuries formed in the local first nations a fairly stable wariness and relative negativism towards neighbouring ethnic groups that became descendants of migrants from the Early and Upper Middle Ages from the East and North. To solve these problems, historical, social and economic, comparative and logical research methods were used, which helped draw the necessary conclusions and conclusions. The materials of the article are intended for scientists, students and researchers in the field of the ethnology of Europe and the Apennine Peninsula.

Keywords:

European ethnic groups, Roman Empire, Holy Empire, Italy, Apennine Peninsula.

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Lebedeva, G. N. (2021). Transformation of the social space of an ethnos in historical retrospect: Bulgarian communities in Russia. Ethnic problems of the era of globalization. European Scientific e-Journal, 3(9), 57-69. Hlučín-Bobrovníky: “Anisiia Tomanek” OSVČ.

DOI: 10.47451/eth2021-01-003 -------- Certificate

Abstract:

The social space is constantly changing, which creates difficulties in interpreting this category. There are no ethnic groups that have lived in one place for the entire period of their history. The colonists from the Balkans had a single status, but they were not a single entity at all. A. Skalkovsky (1848) and Nikolai Derzhavin (1914) wrote about Bulgarian settlements. The formation of independent Bulgaria was promoted by the activity of national enlightenment figures in Bulgaria (V.E. Aprilov, M. Drinov, T. Minkov) and the role of the Bulgarian diaspora in Russia. Military conflicts led to the fact that the Bulgarian settlements were on different sides of the borders. After the defeat in the Crimean War, Russia temporarily (until 1878) lost a small part of southern Bessarabia. This territory was ceded to the Principality of Moldavia, a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire. The upheavals of the twentieth century had a heavy impact on Bulgarians. Most of the Russian Bulgarians who lived in the province of Bessarabia were under the rule of the Romanian invaders for 22 years, until 1940. Historical and comparative methods of material analysis were used. In the course of the study, the position of the Bulgarians in the internal Russian conflicts was analyzed. The results of the research published in the article will be useful for specialists in the field of ethnology, ethnography and world history.

Keywords:

Bulgarian diaspora, Ottoman Empire, Bessarabia province, Azov region, colonization, Nikolai Derzhavin, Aprilov, Marin Drinov, T.N. Minkov, S.N. Vankov.

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Lebedev, S. V. (2021). Ethnic problems of the Baltic region. Ethnic problems of the era of globalization.European Scientific e-Journal, 3(9), 40-56. Hlučín-Bobrovníky: “Anisiia Tomanek” OSVČ.

DOI: 10.47451/eth2021-01-002 -------- Certificate

Abstract:

The research is devoted to the ethnic problems of the Baltic region (the territory of 3 former Soviet republics – Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania). This topic remains relevant, despite the fact that these republics do not have a special global political, economic and cultural influence. The region has almost lost its industrial potential. In the Baltic States, the population is rapidly declining, returning to the figures of more than a century ago. The research shows the reasons why civil society has not developed in the Baltic States. The result is the fragmentation of society. The basis of the research is based on the historical method. Although there is a fairly significant scientific literature on the history of the region, mainly in Russian, this topic is usually reduced to the history of aboriginal peoples, which cannot be considered historically correct. The Baltic republics will gradually fade away, which will only paradoxically spur the struggle for these empty territories. The results of the study will be applicable in the field of ethnological research within the framework of the development of a single European space and the preservation of historical and cultural heritage.

Keywords:

Baltic States, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ostsee region, Ostsee Germans, ‘Russian-speaking population’, ‘non-citizens’, emigration, diasporas.

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Tkáčová, H. (2021). Intolerance across generations: the relation of the Slovak majority to the Jewish minority before, during and after the fall of the communist regime (selected aspects). Ethnic problems of the era of globalization.European Scientific e-Journal, 3(9), 25-39. Hlučín-Bobrovníky: “Anisiia Tomanek” OSVČ.

DOI: 10.47451/eth2021-01-001 -------- Certificate

Abstract:

The paper presents the theoretical basis of the issue of existence and application of intolerant attitudes of the majority population in relation to the minority Jewish community in Slovakia. We focus primarily on selected aspects of intolerance against Jews – specifically Slovak nationalism (i.e., political clericalism) and Jewish antisemitism. The starting point of the article is quantitative and qualitative research of Slovaks’ attitudes in the past, in which several experts revealed a negative stereotypical and negative perception of “difference”, which is understood as “not Slovak”, event. not “ours”. We point out that the given attitude extends across generations and across periods (before communism, during it and after communism, i.e. to the present). Subsequently, the text presents the observations that emerged from the survey itself. The aim of the qualitative survey was to describe and analyse the opinions and attitudes of respondents in relation to Jews in Slovakia.

Keywords:

intolerance, Jews, Slovaks, attitudes, communism, research, personal experience.

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